Yamaha CS2x Průvodce řešením problémů stáhnout pdf (Strana 47)

Drawbar Fun

To round up this chapter we would like to look at sounds that you will want to use again and again, not just for

live performance. We are talking about the Hammond sounds. These sounds are a good basis on which to

explore further aspects of sound programming.

First, a look at the concepts involved. The organ’s registers comply with the laws of Additive Synthesis

. In

contrast to Subtractive Synthesis, where certain frequency regions are selectively eliminated, here sine

based tone frequencies corresponding to the position of a pipe organ or the partial-tone components of the

treble range are mixed together, or “added”. Individual drawbars or stops, also known as “choirs”, are used to

regulate the sine-oscillation levels per position (pitch).

The classic Hammond organ has a total of nine drawbars

(see table). The first two bars (Sub) lie an octave

below the fundamental tone (16’) and a 5th (5 1/3’) above respectively. The positions 8’ to 2’ make up the

second section. The last drawbar cluster includes the upper three positions which correspond to the fifth,

sixth and eighth harmonic sequence of partial tones.

We want to emulate this drawbar principle with the CS2x exactly. To this end we are also adding single sine

oscillations and tuning them for the relevant frequency behaviour. We need to improvise a little however as

the CS2x is limited to four Layers. Don’t panic, they are sufficient if you cleverly adopt only a part of the draw-

bar method. Each Layer can only be transformed however by +/-24 semi tones. In order to keep the total

position’s range intact you can for instance subtract -12 from all Note shift values (see the table’s right col-

umn).

About sound programming:

we have designed two detailed sound examples for you to make this as easy to

follow as possible, broken up the entire programming session into four steps and additionally documented

them. The only real difference between these two examples can be found in the different sine waves and

positions used.

Step 1 = Layering sinewaves and determining Positions

To begin with we have settled on four positions and chosen an appropriate Material voice. The first organ (TP121) con-

sists of positions 16’ – 2 2/3’ – 2’ – 4’ and a simple sine wave (PRE1#048). Not so with the foundation of the second

organ sound (TP125): here you will hear a sine-like waveform along with a characteristic click sound during the attack

phase (PRE7#074). With the classic Hammond sounds, this “organ percussion” occurs at 4’ and 2 2/3’. We have, how-

ever, set the positions a little differently: 8’ – 5 1/3’ – 2’ – 16’.

Drawbar Position Note Shift Note Sft - CS2x

116´ -12-24

2 5 1/3´ +7 -5

38´ 0-12

4 4´ +12 0

5 2 2/3´ +19 + 7

6 2´ +24 +12

7 1 3/5´ +28 +16

8 1 1/3´ +31 +19

9 1 ´ +36 +24

1 2 ... 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ... 76 77

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Yamaha CS2x Průvodce řešením problémů Strana 47